Transactive Energy-Based Joint Optimization of Energy and Flexible Reserve for Integrated Electric-Heat Systems

Implementing integrated electric-heat systems (IEHSs) with coupled power distribution networks and district heating is an essential means to solve current energy problems. However, prosumers multiple forms renewable sources natural uncertainties pose challenges the operation of IEHSs. This paper proposes a joint reserve dispatch model for IEHSs based on transactive energy, which coordinated combination bi-level Stackelberg game two-stage robust optimization. The used realize equilibrium interests among three transacting parties, namely, service provider (IESP), multi-carrier prosumer (MCP), load aggregator (LA). optimization employed ensure reliability system under uncertainty. In upper level game, IESP perform pricing dispatch, while MCP LA maximize their benefits via management in lower level. Linearization techniques are utilized approximate into single-level mixed-integer linear programming problem. converted subsequently regarded as first stage, real-time feasibility check second stage form model, solved by modified C&CG algorithm. Case studies demonstrate that proposed method effectively achieves economic reliable operation.